昭和22年の学校教育法制定により新学制が定められ、新しい学校の教職員には新教育の精神と方法を体得し、十分な資質と能力を有することが求められた。当初は監督庁による暫定的な規定で対応していたが、民主主義立法の精神に則り、重要事項は法律で定めるべきとの原則から、教育委員会法等でも法律による規定を明記した。さらに、昭和24年度からの新制大学発足に伴い、幼稚園から高等学校までの教員養成を大学で行うことになり、教員養成のための教育課程編成の必要性から、教員等の免許状その他資格について早急に立法する必要が生じたため、本法案を提出するものである。
参照した発言:
第5回国会 参議院 文部委員会 第9号
総則(第一條―第三條) |
免許状(第四條―第九條) |
免許状の失効及び取上げ(第十條―第十四條) |
雜則(第十五條―第二十條) |
罰則(第二十一條・第二十二條) |
| 所要資格 | 基礎資格 | 大学における最低修得單位数 | ||||
| 一般教養科目 | 專門科目 | |||||
| 教科に関するもの | 教職に関するもの | 特殊教育に関するもの | ||||
| 免許状の種類 | ||||||
| 小学校又は幼稚園の教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 学士の称号を有すること | 三六 | 二四 | 二五 | |
| 二級普通免許状 | 大学に二年以上在学し、六十二單位(内二單位は、体育とする。)以上を修得すること | 一八 | 一二 | 二〇 | ||
| 仮免許状 | 大学に一年以上在学し、三十一單位(内一單位は、体育とする。)以上を修得すること | 一五 | 一五 | |||
| 中学校教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 学士の称号を有すること | 三六 | 甲 三〇乙 一八 | 二〇 | |
| 二級普通免許状 | 大学に二年以上在学し、六十二單位(内二單位は、体育とする。)以上を修得すること | 一八 | 甲 一五乙 一〇 | 一五 | ||
| 仮免許状 | 大学に一年以上在学し、三十一單位(内一單位は、体育とする。)以上を修得すること | 一五 | 一五 | |||
| 高等学校教諭 | 二級普通免許状 | 学士の称号を有すること | 三六 | 甲 三〇乙 一八 | 二〇 | |
| 仮免許状 | 大学に二年以上在学し、六十二單位(内二單位は、体育とする。)以上を修得すること | 一八 | 甲 一五乙 一〇 | 一五 | ||
| 盲学校ろう学校又は養護学校の教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 教諭の普通免許状を有すること | 二〇 | |||
| 二級普通免許状 | 右に同じ | 一〇 | ||||
| Teachers of elementary schools or Kindergartens | 1st-class regular certificate | To have got "Gakushi" degree | 36 | 24 | 25 | |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | To have studied at university two years or more and got 62 credits or more (including two credits in physical education) | 18 | 12 | 20 | ||
| Temporary certificate | To have studied at university one year or more and got 31 credits or more (including one credit in physical education) | 15 | 15 | |||
| Teachers of lowers secondary schools | 1st-class regular certificate | To have got "Gakushi" degree | 36 | A 30|||||B 18 | 20 | |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | To have studied at university 2 years or more and got 62 credits or more (including two credits in physical education) | 18 | A 15|||||B 10 | 15 | ||
| Temporary certificate | To have studied at university one year or more and got 31 credits or more (including one credits in physical education) | 15 | 15 | |||
| Teachers of upper secondary schools | 2nd-class regular certificate | To have got "Gakushi" degree | 36 | A 30 B 18 | 20 | |
| Temporary certificate | To have studies at university two years or more and got 62 credits (including two credits in physical education) | 18 | A 15|||||B 10 | 15 | ||
| Teachers of school for the blind, for the deaf or for the otherwise handicapped | 1st-class regular certificate | To have regular certificate for teachers | 20 | |||
| 2nd-class regular certificate | To have regular certificate for teachers | 10 | ||||
| 所要資格 | 基礎資格 | 大学における教職に関する科目についての最低修得單位数 | |||
| 良好な成績で勤務した旨の所轄廳の証明を有することを必要とする職名及び在職年数 | |||||
| 職名 | 在職年数 | ||||
| 免許状の種類 | |||||
| 校長 | 一級普通免許状 | 学士の称号を有し、又は教員の一級普通免許状の授與を受ける資格を有すること | 教育職員又は官公廳若しくは私立学校における教育事務に関する職 | 五 | 四五 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 右に同じ | 右に同じ | 三 | 三〇 | |
| 教育長 | 一級普通免許状 | 右に同じ | 右に同じ | 五 | 四五 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 右に同じ | 右に同じ | 三 | 三〇 | |
| 指導主事 | 一級普通免許状 | 教員の一級普通免許状の授與を受ける資格を有すること | 指導主事又は教員 | 七 | 三〇 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 右に同じ | 教員 | 五 | 一五 | |
| Necessary certifications | Basic qualifications | Minimum credits in university concerning professional subjects | |||
| Positions for which the personnel are required to be certified by the competent authorities as having served with good records and length of service | |||||
| Positions | Length of service | ||||
| Kinds of certificate | |||||
| Principals | 1st-class regular certificate | To have got "Gakushi" degree or have the qualification to get 1st class regular certificate | Educational personnel or educational administrative positions in national or local government or private schools | 5 | 45 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | same as the above | same as the above | 3 | 30 | |
| Super-intendent | 1st-class regular certificate | same as the above | same as the above | 5 | 45 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | same as the above | same as the above | 3 | 30 | |
| Teacher consultants | 1st class regular certificate | To have necessary qualifications to be given 1st class regular certificate for teachers | Teacher consultants or Teachers | 7 | 30 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | same as the above teachers | Teachers | 5 | 15 | |
| 所要資格 | 基礎資格 | 文部大臣の指定する養護教諭養成機関における最低修得單位数 | |||
| 一般教養科目 | 專門科目 | ||||
| 養護に関するもの | 教職に関するもの | ||||
| 免許状の種類 | |||||
| 養護教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | イ 保健婦助産婦看護婦法(昭和二十三年法律第二百三号)による甲種看護婦の免許(以下甲種看護婦の免許という。)を有し、文部大臣の指定する養護教諭養成機関に一年以上在学すること ロ 保健婦助産婦看護婦法による保健婦の免許を有すること | 七 | 一四 | 九 |
| 二級普通免許状 | イ 高等学校を卒業し、保健婦助産婦看護婦法による乙種看護婦の免許(以下乙種看護婦の免許という。)を有し、文部大臣の指定する養護教諭養成機関に半年以上在学すること ロ 保健婦助産婦看護婦法第五十一條第一項の規定により、都道府縣知事による保健婦の免許を有すること | 三 | 七 | 五 | |
| Necessary Qualifications | Basic Qualifications | Minimum credits in school-nurse training institute designated by the Minister of Education | |||
| Subjects concerning general education | Special subject | ||||
| concerning nursing | concerning teaching profession | ||||
| Kinds of certificates | |||||
| Schoolnurses | 1st-class regular certificate | (a) To have been certificated as A-class nurses in accordance with the Law concerning Public Health Nurses, Mid-wives, and Nurses (hereinafter referred to as certification of A-class nurses), and to have been enrolled one year or more in a school-nurse training institute designated by the Minister of Education.| | |(b) To have been certificated as Public Health Nurses, in ac cordance with the Law for Public Health Nurses, Midwives, and Nurses. | 7 | 14 | 9 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | (a) To have graduated from an upper secondary school, to have been certificated as B-class nurses (hereinafter referred to as certification of B-class nurses), and to have been enrolled half a year or more in a school-nurse training institute designated by the Minister of Education.| | |(b) To have been certificated as Public Health Nurses, by the prefectural governor, in accordance with the provisions of par.1, Art.51 of the Law for Public Health Nurses, Mid-wives, and Nurses. | 3 | 7 | 5 | |
| 第一欄 | 第二欄 | 第三欄 | 第四欄 | |
| 所要資格 | 有することを必要とする第一欄に掲げる学校の教員免許状の種類 | 第二欄に掲げる「各免許状を有し、第一欄に掲げる」学校の教員として良好な成績で勤務した旨の所轄廳の証明を有することを必要とする在職年数 | 大学において修得し、又は修得したものと認められることを必要とする最低單位数 | |
| 受けようとする免許状の種類 | ||||
| 小学校又は幼稚園の教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 二級普通免許状 | 五 | 四五 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 仮免許状 | 三 | 一五 | |
| 仮免許状 | 臨時免許状 | 三 | 三〇 | |
| 中学校教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 二級普通免許状 | 五 | 四五 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 仮免許状 | 三 | 一五 | |
| 仮免許状 | 臨時免許状 | 三 | 三〇 | |
| 高等学校教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 二級普通免許状 | 三 | 一〇 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 仮免許状 | 五 | 四五 | |
| 仮免許状 | 臨時免許状 | 五 | 四五 | |
| First Column | Second Column | Third Column | Fourth Column | |
| Necessary Qualifications | Kinds of necessary certificates for teachers of the corresponding school which the personnel are required to have | Length of service for which the personnel are required to be certified by the competent authorities as having served with good records as teachers of schools as shown in the 1st Column with the respective certificates shown in the 2nd Column|Minmum credits required to acquire at university or recognized as having been acquired | ||
| Kinds of certificates to be given | ||||
| Teachers of elementary schools or kindergartens | 1st-class regular certificate | 2nd-class regular certificate | 5 | 45 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | Temporary certificate | 3 | 15 | |
| Temporary certificate | Emergency certificate | 3 | 30 | |
| Teachers of lower secondary schools | 1st-class regular certificate | 2nd-class regular certificate | 5 | 45 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | Temporary certificate | 3 | 15 | |
| Temporary certificate | Emergency certificate | 3 | 30 | |
| Teachers of upper secondary schools | 1st-closs regular certificate | 2nd-class regular certificate | 3 | 10 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | Temporary certificate | 5 | 45 | |
| Temporary certificate | Emergency certificate | 5 | 45 | |
| 第一欄 | 第二欄 | 第三欄 | |
| 所要資格 | 基礎資格 | 大学において修得し、又は修得したものと認められることを必要とする最低單位数 | |
| 受けようとする免許状の種類 | |||
| 中学校又は高等学校において、職業実習又は農業実習、工業実習、商業実習若しくは水産実習を担任する教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 次の項に掲げる二級普通免許状を有し、三年以上中学校又は高等学校において第一欄に掲げるそれぞれの実習を担任する教員として良好な成績で勤務した旨の所轄廳の証明を有すること | 一五 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 大学において第一欄に掲げる実業に関する学科を專攻して、学士の称号を有し、一年以上その実業に関する実地の経驗を有し、技術優秀と認められること | ||
| 次の項に掲げる仮免許状を有し、三年以上中学校又は高等学校において第一欄に掲げるそれぞれの実習を担任する教員として良好な成績で勤務した旨の所轄廳の証明を有すること | 一〇 | ||
| 仮免許状 | 第一欄に掲げる実業に関する課程を修めて高等学校(旧中等学校令(昭和十八年勅令第三十六号)による実業学校を含む。)を卒業し、三年以上その実業に関する実地の経驗を有し、技術優秀と認められること | ||
| 中学校又は高等学校の第一欄に掲げるそれぞれの実習についての教員の臨時免許状を有し、三年以上中学校又は高等学校において第一欄に掲げるそれぞれの実習を担任する教員として良好な成績で勤務した旨の所轄廳の証明を有すること | 一〇 | ||
| First Column | Second Column | Third Column | |
| Necesssary qualifications | Basic qualifications | Minimum credits necessary to be acquired at university or recognized as acquired | |
| Kind of certificates | |||
| Teachers who take charge of vocational practice or agricultural practice, industrial practice commercial practice or fishery practice in lower or upper secondary schools | 1st-class regular certificate | To have got 2nd-class regular certificate shown in next item and to be certified by the competent authorities to have served with good records as a teacher in charge of the respective subject in lower or upper secondary school indicated in the First Column for three years or more. | 15 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | To have finished the respective vocational course indicated in the First Column at university and to have the degree of "Gakushi," and to have one year or more practical experience in the subject concerned and to be recognized as superior in skills. | ||
| To have got the temporary certificate shown in next item and to be certified by the competent authorities to have served with good records as a teacher in charge of the respective subject in lower or upper secondary school indicated in the First Column for three years or more. | 10 | ||
| Temporary certificate | To have graduated from upper secondary school (including vocational school under the former Middle School Ordinance (Ordinance No.36 of 1943)) studying the respective vocational course indicated in the First Column and to be recognized as superior in technical skills, having practical experience in the subject concerned for three years or more. | ||
| To have emergency certificate for the respective subject in lower or upper secondary school indicated in the First Column, and to be certified by the competent authorities to have served with good records as a teacher in charge of the respective subject in a lower or upper secondary school indicated in the First Column for the three years or more. | 10 | ||
| 第一欄 | 第二欄 | 第三欄 | 第四欄 | |||
| 所要資格 | 基礎資格 | 第二欄に規定する基礎資格を有し、養護教諭又は養護助教諭として、良好な成績で勤務した旨の所轄廳の証明を有することを必要とする在職年数 | 文部大臣の指定する養護教諭養成機関における最低修得單位数 | |||
| 受けようとする免許状の種類 | ||||||
| 養護教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 養護教諭の二級普通免許状を有すること | 三 | 二〇 | ||
| 二級普通免許状 | 養護教諭の仮免許状を有すること | 三 | 一〇 | |||
| ( | 但し、次の項のロからニまでの場合に限る | ) | ||||
| 仮免許状 | イ 甲種看護婦の免許を有すること ロ 旧中等学校令による高等女学校を卒業し、乙種看護婦の免許を有すること ハ 旧中等学校令による高等女学校を卒業し、保健婦助産婦看護婦法第五十一條又は第五十三條に該当すること ニ 乙種看護婦の免許を有し又は保健婦助産婦看護婦法第五十三條に該当し、養護助教諭免許状を有すること | |||||
| 三 | 二〇 | |||||
| First Column | Second Column | Third Column | Fourth Column | |||
| Necessary qualifications | Basic qualifications | Length of service for which the personnel are required to be certified by the competent authorities as having served with good records as school-nurses or assistant school-nurses with the basic qualification shown in the 2nd-column | Minimum credits training in school-nurse institute designated by the Minister of Education | |||
| Kinds of certificates to be given | ||||||
| School-nurses | 1st-class regular certificate | To have 2nd-class regular certificate for school-nurses | 3 | 20 | ||
| 2nd-class regular certificate | To have temporary certificate for school-nurses | 3 | 10 | |||
| (In the case only of (b) to (d) of next item of this Table) | ||||||
| Temporary certificate | (a) To have been certificated as A-class nurses.||||||(b) To have graduated from a girls'high school under the former Middle School Ordinance (Ordinance No.36 of 1943), and to have been certificated as B-class nurses.||||||(c) To have graduated from a girls'high school under the former Middle School Ordinance, and to have come under the provisions of Article 51 or Article 53 of Public Health Nurses, Mid-wives and Nurses Law.||||||(d) To have been certified as B-class nurse, or come under the provision of Article 53, of Public Health Nurses Mid-wives and Nurses Law, and to have got certificate for assistant school-nurses. | |||||
| 3 | 20 | |||||
| 第一欄 | 第二欄 | 第三欄 | 第四欄 | ||
| 所要資格 | 有することを必要とする免許状の種類 | 第二欄に掲げる各免許状を有し、良好な成績で勤務した旨の所轄廳の証明を有することを必要とする職名及び在職年数 | 大学において修得し、又は修得したものと認められることを必要とする最低單位数 | ||
| 職名 | 在職年数 | ||||
| 受けようとする免許状の種類 | |||||
| 盲学校、ろう学校又は養護学校の教諭 | 一級普通免許状 | 盲学校、ろう学校又は養護学校の教員の二級普通免許状 | 盲学校、ろう学校又は養護学校の教員 | 三 | |
| 二級普通免許状 | 盲学校、ろう学校又は養護学校の教員の仮免許状 | 右に同じ | 三 | 八 | |
| 仮免許状 | 小学校、中学校、高等学校又は幼稚園の教諭の免許状 | ||||
| 校長 | 一級普通免許状 | 校長の二級普通免許状 | 校長、指導主事、教育長又は官公廳若しくは私立学校における教育事務に関する職 | 三 | 八 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 校長の仮免許状 | 右に同じ | 三 | 一五 | |
| 仮免許状 | 教育職員の一級普通免許状 | 教育職員 | 三 | ||
| 教育長 | 一級普通免許状 | 教育長の二級普通免許状 | 教育長、校長又は官公廳若しくは私立学校における教育事務に関する職 | 三 | 八 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 教育長の仮免許状 | 右に同じ | 三 | 一五 | |
| 仮免許状 | 教員の一級普通免許状 | 教員 | 五 | ||
| 校長又は指導主事の普通免許状 | 校長又は指導主事 | ||||
| 官公廳又は私立学校における教育事務に関する職 | 五 | ||||
| 指導主事 | 一級普通免許状 | 指導主事の二級普通免許状 | 指導主事又は教員 | 三 | 八 |
| 二級普通免許状 | 指導主事の仮免許状 | 右に同じ | 三 | 八 | |
| 仮免許状 | 教員の一級普通免許状 | 教員 | 五 | ||
| First Column | Second Column | Third Column | Fourth Column | ||
| Necessary qualifications | Kinds of certificate which the personnel are required to have | Positions and length of service for which the personnel are required to be certified by the competent authorities as having served with good records with the respective certificate shown in the 2nd column | Minimum credits acquired or required to be recognized as having been acquired in a university | ||
| Positions | Length of service | ||||
| Kinds of certificates to be given | |||||
| Teachers of schools for the blind, for the deaf, and for the otherwise handicapped | 1st-class regular certificate | 2nd-class regular certificate for teachers of schools for the blind, schools for the deaf, or schools for the otherwise handicapped | Teachers of schools for the blind, schools for the deaf, or schools for the otherwise handicapped | 3 | |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | Temporary certificate for teachers of schools for the blind, schools for the deaf, or schools for otherwise handicapped | Same as the above | 3 | 8 | |
| Temporary certificate | Certificates for teachers of elementary schools, lower secondary schools, upper secondary schools, or kindergartens | ||||
| Principals | 1st-class regular certificate | 2nd-class regular certificate for principals | Principals, teacher consultants, superintendents or educational administrative positions in national or local government or private schools | 3 | 8 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | Temporary certificate for principals | Same as the above | 3 | 15 | |
| Temporary certificate | 1st-class regular certificate for educational personnel | Educational personnel | 3 | ||
| Superior tendents | 1st-class regular certificate | 2nd-class regular certificate for superintendents | Superintendents, principals or educational administrative positions in national or local government or private schools | 3 | 8 |
| 2nd-class regular certificate | Temporary certificate for superintendents | Same as the above | 3 | 15 | |
| Temporary certificate | Regular 1st class certificate for teachers | Teachers | 5 | ||
| Regular certificate for principals or teacher-consultants | Principals or teacher-consultants | ||||
| Educational administrative positions in national or local government or private schools | 5 | ||||
| Teacher consultants | 1st-class regular certificate | 2nd-class regular certificate for teacher-consultants | Teacher-consultants or teachers | 3 | 8 |
| 2nd-case regular certificate | Temporary certificate for teacher-consultants | Same as the above | 3 | 8 | |
| Temporary certificate | 1st-class regular certificate for teachers | Teachers | 5 | ||