判事補の職権の特例等に関する法律
法令番号: 法律第146号
公布年月日: 昭和23年7月12日
法令の形式: 法律

改正対象法令

提案理由 (AIによる要約)

新憲法施行後の司法制度改革により裁判所の機構整備を進めてきたが、終戦後の社会情勢下で物的設備や人員確保に困難を抱えている。特に裁判官の欠員は306名、うち判事は182名に達し、未済事件が増加している。この事態に対処するため、判事補の中で5年以上の経験を有し最高裁が適任と認めた者に判事としての職務を認める特例を設ける。また、旧植民地等での裁判官・検察官経験や法律事務経験を現行法下での在職年数とみなし、形式要件を欠くために判事等になれない有能な人材を活用できるようにすることを目的とする。

参照した発言:
第2回国会 衆議院 司法委員会 第30号

審議経過

第2回国会

参議院
司法委員会 - 第37号
(昭和23年6月8日)
衆議院
司法委員会 - 第30号
(昭和23年6月12日)
参議院
司法委員会 - 第47号
(昭和23年6月25日)
衆議院
司法委員会 - 第46号
(昭和23年6月30日)
本会議 - 第74号
(昭和23年6月30日)
参議院
司法委員会 - 第51号
(昭和23年7月1日)
本会議 - 第58号
(昭和23年7月3日)
衆議院
本会議 - 第79号 附録
(昭和23年7月5日)
参議院
本会議 - 第60号 附録
(昭和23年7月5日)
判事補の職権の特例等に関する法律をここに公布する。
I hereby promulgate the Law concerning the Exceptions to the Authority of Assistant Judges, etc.
御名御璽
Signed:HIROHITO, Seal of the Emperor
昭和二十三年七月十二日
This twelfth day of the seventh month of the twenty-third year of Showa (July 12, 1948)
内閣総理大臣　芦田均
Prime Minister　ASHIDA Hitoshi
法律第百四十六号
Law No.146
判事補の職権の特例等に関する法律
Law concerning the Exceptions to the Authority of Assistant Judges, etc.
第一條　判事補で裁判所法（昭和二十二年法律第五十九号）第四十二條第一項各号に掲げる職の一又は二以上にあつてその年数を通算して五年以上になる者のうち、最高裁判所の指名する者は、当分の間、判事補としての職権の制限を受けないものとし、同法第二十九條第三項及び第三十六條の規定の適用については　その属する地方裁判所の判事の権限を有するものとする。
Article 1.　Among Assistant judges who hold one or more of the positions mentioned in each item in Article 42, paragraph 1 of the the Court Organization Law (Law No.59 of 1947) for the total period of five years or more, those designated by the Supreme Court, for the time being, shall be free from the limitation of the authority for an Assistant judge and shall, in respect of the application of Article 29, paragraph 3 and Article 36 of the said Law, exercise the judicial power of a full judge of the District Court to which they belong.
２　裁判所法第四十二條第二項から第四項までの規定は、前項の年数の計算に、これを準用する。
The provisions of Article 42, paragraphs 2 to 4 inclusive of the Court Organization Law shall apply with the necessary modifications to the computation of the period of service mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
第二條　裁判所構成法（明治二十三年法律第六号）による判事又は檢事たる資格を有する者が、満洲國の審判官又は蒙古連合自治政府（若しくは蒙古自治邦政府。以下同じ。）の推事の職に在つたときは、その在職の年数は、裁判所法第四十一條及び第四十四條の規定の適用については、これを判事の在職の年数とみなし、同法第四十二條の規定の適用については、これを判事補の在職の年数とみなす。
Article 2.　In case those who have the qualification to be appointed a judge or a public proculator prescribed in the Law of the Constitution of Courts (Law No.6 of 1890) held office as a judge of Manchukuo or a judge of the Federal Autonomous Government of Mongolia (or the Autonomous State Government of Mongolia, hereinafter the same), the years of holding their office shall be deemed the years of holding office of a judge, in respect of the application of the provisions of Arts.41 and 44 of the Court Organization Law and deemed the years of holding office of an assistant judge, in respect of the application of the provisions of Article 42 of the said Law.
２　裁判所構成法による判事又は檢事たる資格を有する者が、領事官又は満洲國若しくは蒙古連合自治政府の檢察官の職に在つたときは、その在職の年数は、裁判所法第四十一條、第四十二條及び第四十四條の規定の適用については、これを檢察官の在職の年数とみなす。
In case those who have the qualification to be appointed a judge or a public procurator prescribed in the Law of the Constitution of Courts held office as a consular officer or a prosecuting officer of Manchukuo or of the Federal Autonomous Government of Mongolia, the years of holding their office shall be deemed the years of holding office of a prosecuting officer, in respect of the application of the provisions of Arts.41, 42 and 44 of the Court Organization Law.
３　裁判所構成法による判事又は檢事たる資格を有する者が、衆議院若しくは参議院の司法委員会專門調査員、衆議院若しくは参議院の法制部に勤務する参事若しくは副参事、法制局参事官、法制局事務官、法制局に勤務する内閣事務官、陸軍司政官、海軍司政官、特許局若しくは特許標準局の抗告審判官若しくは審判官たる特許局事務官若しくは特許標準局事務官若しくは商工事務官、技術院の抗告審判官若しくは審判官たる技術院参技官、朝鮮総督府法務局に勤務する朝鮮総督府書記官若しくは朝鮮総督府事務官、台湾総督府法務部に勤務する台湾総督府書記官若しくは台湾総督府事務官、満洲國の司法部参事官、司法部理事官若しくは司法部事務官又は蒙古連合國自治政府の司法部参事官の職に在つたときは、その在職の年数は、裁判所法第四十一條、第四十二條及び第四十四條の規定の適用については、これを法務廳事務官の在職の年数とみなす。
In case those who have the qualification to be appointed a judge or a public procurator prescribed in the Law of the Constitution of Courts held office as a qualified specialist of the Standing Committee for Judicial Affairs of the House of Representatives or the House of Councillors, a secretary (sanji) or an assistant secretary (fuku-sanji) who served at the Legal Department of the House of Representatives or the House of Councillors, a secretary (sanji-kan) of the Legislative Bureau or a secretary (jimu-kan) of the Legislative Bureau, a secretary of the Cabinet who served at the Legislative Bureau, a Military Civilian Administrator, a Naval Civilian Administrator, a Complaints Judge (Kokoku-shimbankan) or a Judge (Shimban-kan) of either the Patents Bureau or the Patents and Standards Bureau whose official rank is Secretary (Jimu-kan) of either the Patents Bureau, the Patents and Standards Bureau or the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, a Complaints Judge (Kokoku-shimban-kan) or a Judge (Shimban-kan) of the Technical Affairs Board (Gijutsu-in) whose official rank is Technical Councillor (Sanji-kan) of the Technical Affairs Board, a Secretary (shoki-kan) or Secretary (jimu-kan) of the Korean Government-General who served at the Legal Affairs Bureau thereof, a Secretary (shoki-kan) or Secretary (jimu-kan) of the Formosan Government-General who served at the Legal Affairs Department thereof, a Secretary (sanji-kan), Secretary (riji-kan) or Secretary (jimu-kan) of the Department of Justice of Manchukuo, a secretary (sanji-kan) of the Department of Justice of the Federal Autonomous Government of Mongolia, the the years of holding their office shall be deemed the years of holding office of a secretary of the Attorney-General's Office, in respect of the application of the provisions of Arts.41, 42 and 44 of the Court Organization Law.
４　裁判所構成法による判事又は檢事たる資格を有する者が、満洲國の司法部職員訓練所の教官の職に在つたときは、その在職の年数は、裁判所法第四十一條、第四十二條及び第四十四條の規定の適用については、これを法務廳教官の在職の年数とみなす。
In case those who have the qualification to be appointed a judge or a public procurator prescribed in the Law of the Constitution of Courts held office as an educational official of the Training School for the Personnel of the Department of Justice of of Manchukuo, the years of holding their office shall be deemed the years of holding office of an educational official of the Attorney-General's Office, in respect of the application of the provisions of Arts.41, 42, and 44 of the Court Organization Law.
第三條　弁護士たる資格を有する者が、朝鮮弁護士令（昭和十一年制令第四号）、台湾弁護士令（昭和十年律令第七号）又は関東州弁護士令（昭和十一年勅令第十六号）による弁護士（以下外地弁護士と称する。）の職に在つたときは、裁判所法第四十一條から第四十四條までの規定の適用については、その在職の年数は、これを弁護士の在職の年数とみなし、外地弁護士の在職の年数が三年以上になるもの又は外地弁護士及び弁護士の在職の年数が通じて三年以上になるものは、その三年に達した時、朝鮮弁護士令による弁護士試補として一年六月以上の実務修習を終え考試を経たのは、その考試を経た時に夫々司法修習生の修習を終えたものとみなす。
Article 3.　When those who, having the qualification of lawyers, have been engaged in the practice of a lawyer in accordance with the Ordinances of the Korean Lawers (Seirei No.4 of 1936), of the Formosan Lawyers (Ritsurei No.7 of 1935) or of the Kwantung Lawyers (Imperial Ordinance No.16 of 1936)(hereinafter to be called an oversea lawyer), the period of practice thereof shall, in respect of the application of the provisions of Articles 41. to 44 inclusive of the Court Organization Law, be deemed that of the lawyers:and those whose periods of practice as oversea Lawyers are not less than three years or who have practised as oversea lawyers and lawyers for the total period of three years or more, or those who have completed the study of practices as probationary lawyers in accordance with the Ordinance of the Korean Lawyers for not less than one year and a half and passed the examination shall respectively, in the former when their periods of practice have reached three years and in the latter when they passed the examination, be deemed to have completed the study of the judicial apprentice.
附　則
Supplementary Provisions:
第四條　この法律は、公布の日から、これを施行する。
Article 4.　The Present Law shall come into force as from the day of its promulgation.
第五條　第一條の規定による年数の計算については、裁判所構成法による判事又は檢事たる資格を有する者は、その資格を得た時、裁判所法施行の際弁護士たる資格を有した者で弁護士の在職の年数が同法施行後において三年に達したものは、その三年に達した時、裁判所法施行前弁護士試補として一年六月以上の実務修習を終え考試を経た者又は同法施行の際弁護士試補であつた者で一年六月以上の実務修習を終え考試を経たものは、その考試を経た時に、夫々司法修習生の修習を終えたものとみなし、裁判所構成法による判事又は檢事の在職の年数及び裁判所構成法による判事又は檢事たる資格を得た後の朝鮮総督府判事、朝鮮総督府檢事、台湾総督府判官、台湾総督府檢察官、関東法院判官、関東法院檢察官又は領事官の在職の年数は、これを判事補の在職の年数とみなし、裁判所構成法による判事又は檢事たる資格を得た後の陸軍司政官、海軍司政官、特許局若しくは特許標準局の抗告審判官若しくは審判官たる特許局事務官若しくは特許標準局事務官若しくは商工事務官、技術院の抗告審判官若しくは審判官たる技術院参技官、朝鮮総督府法務局に勤務する朝鮮総督府書記官若しくは朝鮮総督府事務官又は台湾総督府法務部に勤務する台湾総督府書記官若しくは台湾総督府事務官の在職の年数は、これを法務廳事務官の在職の年数とみなす。
Article 5.　In respect of the computation of the years mentioned in the provisions of Article 1, those who have the qualification to be appointed a judge or public procurator prescribed in the Law of the Constitution of Courts, when they have obtained the said qualification, those who, having the qualification of a lawyer at the time of the enforcement of the Court Organization Law, have obtained three years of engaging in the practice of lawyer after the said Law came into force, when they have completed three years of practice, those who finished the study of practice as a probationary lawyer for not less than one year and a half and passed the examination prior to the enforcement of the Court Organization Law or those who, being a probationary lawyer at the time of the enforcement of the said Law, have finished the study of practice for not less than one year and a half and passed the examination, when they have passed the examination, shall respectively be deemed those who have finished the study as judicial apprentice;the years of holding office of a judge or a public procurator provided for in the Law of the Constitution of Courts and the years of holding office of a judge or a public procurator of the Korean Government-General, that of_the Formosan Government-General, that of the Kwantung Province or a consular officer after the acquisition of the qualification of a judge or a public procurator provided for in the Law of the Constitution of Courts shall be deemed the years of holding office of an assistant judge;the years of holding office of a Military Civilian Administrator, a Naval Civilian Administrator, a Complaints Judge (Kokoku-shimban-kan) or a Judge (Shimban-kan) of either the Patents Bureau or the Patents and Standards Bureau whose official rank is Secretary (Jimu-kan) of either the Patents Bureau, the Patents and Standards Bureau or the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, a Complaints Judge (Kokoku-shimban-kan) or a Judge (Shimban-kan) of the Technical Affairs Board (Gijutsu-in) whose official rank is Technical Councillor (Sangi-kan) of the Technical Affairs Board, a secretary (shoki-kan) or secretary (jimu-kan) of the Korean Government-General who served at the Legal Affairs Bureau thereof, a secretary (shoki-kan) or secretary (jimu-kan) of the Formosan Government-General who served at the Legal Affairs Department thereof shall be deemed the years of holding office of a secretary of the Attorney-General's Office.
２　第三條の規定は、第一條の規定による年数の計算に、これを準用する。
The provisions of Article 3 shall apply with the necessary modifications to the computation of the years mentioned in the provisions of Article 1.
第六條　裁判所法の一部を改正する法律（昭和二十三年法律第一号）の一部を次のように改正する。
Article 6.　The Law concerning the partial amendments of the Court Organization (Law No.1 of 1948) shall be partially amended as follows:
附則第二項から第四項までを削る。
Paragraphs 2 to 4 inclusive of the Supplementary Provisions shall be deleted.
法務総裁　鈴木義男
Attorney-General　SUZUKI Yoshio
内閣総理大臣　芦田均
Prime Minister　ASHIDA Hitoshi