I hereby give My sanction, with the advice of the Privy Council, to the School Education Law, for which the concurrence of the Imperial Diet has been obtained, and cause the same to be promulgated.
Signed:HIROHITO, Seal of the Emperor
This twenty-ninth day of the third month of the twenty-second year of Showa (March 29, 1947)
Countersigned: Prime Minister YOSHIDA Shigeru
Minister for Home Affairs UEHARA Etsujiro
Minister of Finance ISHIBASHI Tanzan
Minister of Education TAKAHASHI Seiichiro
SCHOOL EDUCATION LAW
Chapter I. General Regulations
Article 1. The schools provided for in this law shall be primary schools, secondary schools, high schools, universities, schools for the blind, schools for the deaf, schools for the handicapped and kindergartens.
Article 2. The State, prefectural and local public entities and incorporations provided for in a separate law alone can establish schools.
The "Government schools" in this law means the schools established by the State, the "public schools" the schools established by prefectural and local public entities, and the "private schools" the schools established by incorporations provided for in the separate law.
Article 3. Those who want to establish schools shall do that in compliance with the school establishment standard of equipment, organization and others set up by the competent authorities according to the types of schools.
Article 4. The establishment and abolition of schools (including faculties of universities and their postgraduate schools), change of their establishers and other items to be decided by the competent authorities, except for government schools and those schools which are established by agencies incurring the responsibility of establishing schools in compliance with this law, shall be subject to the approval of the competent authorities.
Article 5. The establishers of schools shall manage the schools which they establish and defray the expenses of the schools except for the cases specifically stipulated by laws or ordinances.
Article 6. Schools may collect tuition fees. As to compulsory education, however, in government and public primary schools and secondary schools, or schools for the blind, schools for the deaf and schools for the handicapped, which are equivalent to the above, no tuition fees shall be collected.
Matters regarding tuition fees and other expenses in government and public schools shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 7. Schools shall have principals and an adequate number of teachers.
Article 8. Matters regarding certificates and other qualifications of principals and teachers shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 9. Those who come under any of the following items shall be excepted from becoming principals or teachers:
1. Those persons who have been adjudged incompetent, and quasi-incompetent persons;
2. Those persons who have been condemned to six years'imprisonment or a heavier punishment;
3. Those persons who were sentenced to penal servitude or imprisonment of less than six years and who have not completed the punishment or have not been acquitted of the punishment yet;
4. Those persons who were sentenced to the cancellation of their teachers'certificates mentioned in Article 8, and who have not spent two years;
5. Those persons who have been recognized as unacceptable to any position in educational service by the Imperial Ordinance No.263 of 1946;
6. Those persons who have been recognized as inferior in character and conduct.
Article 10. Private schools shall appoint their principals and the appointment shall be reported to the competent authorities.
Article 11. Principals and teachers of schools may punish their students, pupils and children, when they recognize it necessary in the light of education, in compliance with the regulations issued by the competent authorities. They shall not, however, inflict corporal punishment.
Article 12. Schools shall conduct physical examinations in order to increase the health of students, pupils and children as well as teachers and provide adequate facilities for their hygiene and protection.
Matters regarding physical examinations and facilities for hygiene and protection shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 13. The competent authorities may order the, closing of schools in any of the following cases:
1. In cases where they have intentionally violated the provisions of laws and ordinances;
2. In cases where they have acted against the instructions issued by the competent authorities in compliance with the provisions of laws and ordinances;
3. In cases where they have not conducted teaching for more than six months.
Article 14. In cases where schools acted against the provisions of laws and ordinances or the regulations established by the competent authorities as to equipment, teaching and other items, the competent authorities may order changes of the items.
Article 15. Private schools shall make budgets for revenue and expenditure and report them to the competent authorities before the opening of every fiscal year, and shall settle accounts for both revenue and expenditure and report the settlement to the competent authorities within two months after the closing of every fiscal year.
Any important changes to be made in the budgets for revenue and expenditure shall be reported as well.
Article 16. Those persons who employ children shall not prevent the said children from receiving compulsory education because of the employment.
Chapter II. Primary School
Article 17. The primary school shall aim at giving children elementary general education according to the development of their minds and bodies.
Article 18. In primary school education efforts shall be made to attain the principles mentioned in each of the following items in order to effect the aim stated in the foregoing Article:
1. To cultivate a right understanding and the spirit of cooperation and independence in connection with relationship between human beings on the basis of children's experience in social life both in and outside the school;
2. To develop a proper understanding of the actual conditions and traditions both of children's native communities and of the country and, further, to cultivate the spirit of international cooperation;
3. To cultivate a basic understanding and skills on food, clothing, housing, industries, etc. needed in everyday life;
4. To cultivate ability to understand and use correctly words and expressions of the Japanese language needed in everyday life;
5. To cultivate ability to understand and manage correctly mathematical relations needed in everyday life;
6. To cultivate ability to observe and dispose natural phenomena met with in everyday life in a scientific manner;
7. To cultivate a habit needed for a sound, safe and happy life and to effect a harmonious development of minds and bodies;
8. To cultivate a basic understanding and skills on music, fine arts, literature, etc. which make life bright and rich.
Article 19. The course of the primary school shall cover six years.
Article 20. Matters concerning the curriculum of the primary school shall be decided by the competent authorities in compliance with the provisions of Articles 17 and 18.
Article 21. The primary school shall use the textbooks approved or published by the competent authorities.
Books other than the abovementioned textbooks and other teaching materials may be used if they are good and suitable.
Article 22. The protectors (i. e. those persons who exercise parental authority over the children, or, in case there are no such persons, the guardians, or those persons who exercise the duties of guardians;the word is hereinafter to be used in this sense) shall be obligated to send their children to the primary school or the school for the blind, the school for the deaf or the school for the handicapped, for the period from the beginning of that school year which is the first to begin on or after the following day of the children's attaining full six years of age to the end of that school year in which the children attain full twelve years of age.
Matters regarding the pressing for fulfilment of the obligation mentioned in the foregoing paragraph and other necessary matters regarding the obligation shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 23. As for the protectors of those children who are to be sent to school according to the provisions of the foregoing Article (such children are hereinafter to be called the school age children), but who are acknowledged as being difficult to attend school because of their invalidity, imperfect growth or other unavoidable obstacles, the managing agency of the primary school established by a city, town or village may allow them to postpone the fulfilment of their obligation stipulated in paragraph 1 of the foregoing Article or exempt them from their obligation according to the regulations stipulated by the competent authorities after obtaining the approval of the competent authorities which exercise jurisdiction over the area of the prefecture regarding education (such competent authorities are hereinafter to be called the prefectural competent authorities).
Article 24. The protectors of those school age children who live within such an area which is exempted from the responsibility of establishing primary schools according to the provisions of Article 33 shall be regarded as exempted from their obligation provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 22.
Article 25. The city, town or village shall give necessary aids to the protectors of those school age children who are recognized to be difficult to attend school for financial reasons.
Article 26. The managing agency of the primary school established by a city, town or village may suspend those children from attending school who are suffering from infectious diseases or feared to be in danger of suffering, or who are recognized as being so bad in their character and conducts that they may obstruct the education of other children.
Article 27. Those children who have not attained the age for entering the primary school shall not enter the school.
Article 28. The primary school shall have a principal, teachers, nurse-teachers and business clerks. Under special circumstances, however, it may dispense with the business clerks.
The primary school may have assistant teachers and other necessary personnel besides the above.
The principal shall administer school affairs and supervise the personnel of the school.
The teachers shall take charge of the education of children.
The nurse-teachers shall take charge of nursing and protection of children.
The business clerks shall engage in the office works.
The assistant teachers shall assist the teachers in their duties.
Article 29. Each city, town or village shall establish primary schools sufficient for admitting the school age children living within its own boundary through the deliberation of its assembly.
Article 30. In case some towns or villages recognize that it is impossible or improper for them to follow the provisions of the foregoing Article, they may organize a city-town-village school union or a town-village school union.
Article 31. In case some towns or villages recognize that it is impossible or improper for them to follow the provisions of the foregoing two Articles, they may, through the deliberation of their assemblies, commit the educational affairs of the whole or part of their school age children to other cities, towns or villages, or a city-town-village school union, or a town-village school union instead of establishing primary schools.
Article 32. In case the prefectural competent authorities recognize that some towns or villages are unable to afford the expenses which they are to defray in following any of the provisions of the foregoing Articles, the prefecture concerned shall, through the deliberation of its assembly, give necessary aids to the towns or villages.
Article 33. In case the prefectural competent authorities recognize that, although there are such circumstances as are mentioned in Article 31, which make it impossible or improper for town or village, or a city-town-village school union, or a town-village school union to follow the provisions of Articles 29 and 30 for a part of its area, the provisions of Articles 31 and 32 cannot be followed, the competent authorities may exempt the town or village, or the city-town-village school union, or the town-village school union from the responsibility of establishing a primary school, so far as that part is concerned.
Article 34. Public or private primary schools shall be under the jurisdiction of the prefectural competent authorities.
Chapter III. Secondary School
Article 35. The secondary school shall aim at giving the pupils secondary general education according to the development of their minds and bodies on the basis of the education given at the primary school.
Article 36. In secondary school education efforts shall be made to attain the principles mentioned in each of the following items in order to realize the aim stated in the foregoing Article:
1. To cultivate the qualities necessary as the members of a society and the State, securing the objectives of the primary school education more thoroughly;
2. To cultivate the foundamental knowledge and skill of the vocations required in the society, the attitude to respect laboring and the ability to select their future course according to their individuality;
3. To promote their social activities in and out of the school, to guide the sentiment rightly and to cultivate the fair judgement.
Article 37. The course of the secondary school shall cover three years.
Article 38. Matters concerning the subjects of the secondary school shall be decided by the competent authorities in accordance with the provisions of Articles 35 and 36.
Article 39. The guardians shall be obligated to send their children to the secondary school, the school for the blind or the school for the deaf or the school for the handicapped from the beginning of that school year which is the first to begin on or after the following day of their finishing the course of the primary school to the end of that school year in which they attain full fifteen years of age.
The children whom the guardians are obligated to send to school according to the above provision shall be called school age pupils.
Article 40. The provisions of Article 21, paragraph 2 of Article 22, Articles 23 to 24 and Articles 28 to 34, shall apply to the secondary school.
Chapter IV. High. School
Article 41. The high school shall aim at giving the students higher general education and technical education according to the development of their mind and bodies on the basis of the education given at the secondary school.
Article 42. In high school education efforts shall be made to attain the principles in each of the following items in order to realize the aim stated in the foregoing Article:
1. To cultivate the qualities necessary as the able members of the society and State, developing the results of the secondary school education;
2. To make them decide on the future course, according to their individuality on the basis of their consciousness of the mission they are to carry out in the society, to cultivate the higher general culture and to make them skilled in technical arts;
3. To cultivate the broad and deep understanding and ability of sound judgement regarding the society and to attempt the establishment of their individuality.
Article 43. Matters concerning the courses and curricula of the high school shall be decided by the competent authorities in accordance with the provisions of the foregoing two Articles.
Article 44. The high school may have the night course or the part-time course in addition to the regular one.
The high school may have only one of the abovementioned courses without the regular one.
Article 45. The high school may conduct the education by correspondence.
Matters necessary in connection with the correspondence education shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 46. The course of the high school shall cover three years. But in case of special technical education and in case of having the courses mentioned in paragraph 1 of Article 44, the course may cover more than three years.
Article 47. Those who can enter the high school shall be those who have graduated from the secondary school or the equivalent school or those who have been recognized to have the scholastic attainments equal to them according to the provisions laid down by the competent authorities.
Article 48. The high school may have the graduate course and the special course.
The graduate course of the high school shall aim at giving instructions on special matters to the more advanced degree to the graduates of the high school or the equivalent school or those recognized to have the scholastic attainments equal to them according to the provisions laid down by the competent authorities and guiding them in their study. The course shall cover more than one year.
The special course of the high school shall aim at providing those mentioned in the foregoing Article with special technical education to the simpler degree. The course shall cover more than one year.
Article 49. Necessary matters concerning the textbooks, entrance, withdrawal, transfer, etc. shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 50. The high school shall have the director, teachers and business clerks.
Article 51. The provisions of paragraphs 2 to 4, 6 and 7 of Article 28 and Article 34 shall also apply to the high school.
Chapter V. University
Article 52. The university, as a centre of learning, shall aim at teaching and studying higher learning and technical arts as well as giving broad general culture and developing the intellectual, moral and practical abilities.
Article 53. The university, as a general rule, shall provide for several faculties, but a university be formed with only one faculty, if special need be.
Article 54. The university may have the faculty giving instructions in the evening.
Article 55. The course of the university shall cover four years. As to the faculties teaching and studying special professional matters or the faculties mentioned in the above Article, however, the course may cover more than four years.
Article 56. Those who can enter the university shall be those who have graduated from the high school or completed the twelve year schooling with the regular course (including those who have completed the schooling equivalent to this, with the course other than the regular one), or those who have been recognized to have the scholastic attainments equal to the persons mentioned above under the provisions laid down by the competent authorities.
Article 57. The university may have the graduate course and the special course.
The graduate course of the university shall aim at providing instructions on the special matters to more advanced degree to those who have graduated from the university or those recognized to have the scholastic attainments equal to them under the provisions laid down by the competent authorities and guiding them in their study. The course shall cover more than one year.
Article 58. The university shall have the president, professors, assistant professors, assistants and business clerks.
The university may have others in addition to those mentioned above.
The president shall govern all the affairs of the university and supervise all the staff of the university.
The professors shall give instructions to the students, guiding them in their study and pursuing their own study.
The assistant professor shall assist the professors in their duties.
The assistants shall assist the professors and assistant professors in their duties.
Article 59. The university shall have a faculty meeting to discuss and deliberate over important matters.
The faculty meeting may include the assistant professors and others in its organization.
Article 60. The competent authorities shall consult the University Creation Committee in regard to the approval of the establishment of a university.
Matters concerning the University Creation Committee shall be decided by the ordinance.
Article 61. The university may have the research institutes or other research facilities attached to it.
Article 62. The university may have the post-graduate school.
Article 63. Those persons who have studied at the university for more than four years, taken regular examinations and passed them, can be called Gakushi (Bachelor).
Matters concerning Gakushi shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 64. Public or Private Universities shall be under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Education.
Article 65. The post-graduate school shall aim at teaching and studying the theory and practice of learning, mastering the secrets of it and, thus, contributing to the development of culture.
Article 66. As a general rule the post-graduate school shall have several post-graduate courses. Only one post-graduate course, however, may make the post-graduate school, if special need be.
Article 67. Those who can enter the post-graduate school shall be those persons provided for in the second paragraph of Article 57.
Article 68. Universities which have post-graduate schools may give Doctor and other degree according to the provisions laid down by the competent authorities.
In laying down provisions regarding the Doctor and other degree the competent authorities shall consult the University Creation Committee.
Article 69. The university may be provided with facilities for university extensions.
Necessary matters concerning university extensions shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 70. The provisions of paragraph 6 of Article 28 and Article 45 shall also apply to the university.
Chapter VI. Education for the Handicapped
Article 71. The school for the blind, the school for the deaf and the school for the handicapped shall aim at giving education respectively to the blind, the deaf, and the mentally and physically handicapped such as the mentally or physically weak, etc., on the same levels as the kindergarten, the primary school, the secondary school, or the high school, and, at the same time, giving necessary knowledge and skill to supplement their infirmities.
Article 72. The school for the blind, the school for the deaf and the school for the handicapped shall have the primary school and the secondary school sections. They may have only one of them, however, if there be special need.
The school for the blind, the school for the deaf, and the school for the handicapped may have the kindergarten and the high school sections.
Article 73. Curricula and text-books of the primary and the secondary sections, courses, curricula and text-books of the high school section, and the content of education of the kindergarten section of the school for the blind, the school for the deaf, and the school for the handicapped shall be decided by the competent authorities in applying those of the primary school, the secondary school, the high school and the kindergarten.
Article 74. The prefecture shall establish with the approval of its assembly, schools for the blind and schools for the deaf or schools for the handicapped sufficient to accommodate the blind, the deaf and the mentally and physically handicapped such as the mentally or physically weak, etc., of school age children and pupils who live in the area under its jurisdiction.
Article 75. The primary school, the secondary school and the high school may provide special classes for the children and pupils who come under any of the following items:
1. Those who have abnormal characters,
2. Those who are mentally weak,
3. The deaf and those who have difficulty in hearing,
4. The blind and the weak-sighted,
5. Those who have difficulty in speaking,
6. Handicapped persons other than those mentioned in above items,
7. Those who have weak constitution.
The schools mentioned in the foregoing paragraph may give education to those children and pupils who are under medical care by providing special classes or by dispatching teachers.
Article 76. The provisions of Articles 19, 27, 28 (including the cases to which this shall apply in Articles 40 and 51), 34, 37, 45 to 47, 50, Articles 80 and 81 shall also apply correspondingly to the school for the blind, the school for the deaf and the school for the handicapped.
Chapter VII. Kindergarten
Article 77. The kindergarten shall aim at bringing up young children and developing their minds and bodies, providing suitable environment for them.
Article 78. In order to realize the aim in the foregoing Article the kindergarten shall endeavor to attain the objective in each of the following items:
1. To cultivate everyday habits necessary for a sound, safe and happy life and to effect a harmonious development of bodily functions;
2. To make children experience in the kindergarten a group-life and to cultivate willingness to take part in it as well as the germ of the spirit of co-operation and independence;
3. To cultivate the germ of the right understanding of and the right attitude towards the surrounding social life and happenings;
4. To guide the right usage of the language and foster an interest in fairy-tales and picturebooks;
5. To cultivate an interest in expression of their own through music, dances, pictures and other means.
Article 79. Matters concerning the content of education in the kindergarten shall be decided by the competent authorities according to the provisions of the foregoing two Articles.
Article 80. Those who can enter the kindergarten shall be children from the age of full 3 years up to the age at which they are sent to the primary school.
Article 81. The kindergarten shall have a chief and teachers.
It may have others besides them.
The chief shall manage the affairs of the kindergarten and supervise teachers and other staff.
Teachers shall take charge of nursing of children.
Article 82. The provision of Article 34 shall also apply to the kindergarten.
Chapter VIII. Miscellaneous Regulations
Article 83. Those institutions other than those mentioned in Article 1 which give education similar to school education shall be classified as miscellaneous schools.
Miscellaneous schools shall not assume the same name as the schools mentioned in Article 1.
The provisions of Articles 4 to 7, 9 to 11, 13, 14 and 34 shall also apply to miscellaneous schools.
Necessary matters concerning miscellaneous schools besides the above shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Article 84. When the prefectural competent authorities have recognized any institution other than the schools or miscellaneous schools to be conducting miscellaneous school education, the authorities may inform the institution of its being recognized as such and make it comply with the provision of the foregoing Article.
Article 85. So far as school education is not interrupted, schools may have facilities annexed to them for social education or offer school facilities to be used for social education and other public purposes.
Article 86. In an area not in the political administrative system of town and village, the provisions of this law concerning the town and village and the town-village school union shall apply to the organizations similar to these.
In case there is any difficulty, however, in following the provisions of this law, the prefectural competent authorities may take special measures.
Article 87. The cities in this law shall include the wards of Tokyo Metropolis.
Article 88. Besides those provided for in this law, matters needed for carrying out this law into effect shall be decided by the competent authorities.
Chapter IX. Penal Regulations
Article 89. If a person gets the closing order provided for in Article 13 (including the cases to which this shall apply in paragraph 3 of Article 83, but does not obey it), he shall be punished with a penal servitude or imprisonment not longer than six months, or a fine not exceeding ten thousand yen.
Article 90. A violator of the law in Article 16 shall be fined three thousand yen or less.
Article.91. If a person is reminded of his duty provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 22, or in paragraph 1 of Article 39, but does not do it, he shall be fined one thousand yen or less.
Article 92. A violator of the provision of parrgraph 2 of Article 83 shall be fined five thousand yen or less.
Supplementary Provisions:
Article 93. The present law shall come into force as from April 1, 1947. The date for enforcement, however, of the part regarding the obligation of protectors to send children to the school for the blind, the school for the deaf, the school for the handicapped provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 22, and in paragraph 1 of Article 39, and regarding the responsibility of establishing such schools provided for in Article 74 shall be stipulated by an Imperial Ordinance.
Article 94. The following laws and Imperial Ordinances shall be abolished:
a. National Subsidy Law for Public School Teachers'Long Service Allowances
b. National Subsidy Law for Salaries of Elementary School Teachers in Military Service
c. National Subsidy Law for Salaries of Youth School Teachers in Military Service
d. National Subsidy Law for Educational Expenses of Youth Schools
e. Elementary School Ordinance
f. Youth School Ordinance
g. Secondary School Ordinance
h. Normal School Ordinance
j. Higher School Ordinance
l. School for the Blind and School for the Deaf and Dumb Ordinance
m. Kindergarten Ordinance
n. Private School Ordinance
o. Teacher Certification Ordinance
Article 95. Partial amendment shall be made to the Law for Defrayment by the Treasury of Compulsory Education Expenditure:
Article I. One half is defrayed by the National Treasury of the expenditure required by the Prefectures for the salaries, special additional grants, death grants, and travelling allowances provided for by the Imperial Ordinance for the teachers and officials (those who are provided for by the Imperial Ordinance being excepted) engaged in compulsory education in public primary schools and secondary schools.
In Article 2, "the Hokkaido Region expenditure and prefectures" shall read "Metropolis, District, special prefectures and prefectures (To-Do-Fu-Ken)."
Article 96. The obligation of the guardians provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 39 shall in 1947 be limited to the end of the school year whereto belongs the day when their children attain full thirteen years of age.
The guardians obligation in and after 1948 provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 39 shall be ordained by an imperial ordinance.
Article 97. Elementary schools, schools equal to the elementary school, schools similar to it and kindergartens under the former laws which exist at the time of the enforcement of this law shall be considered the primary schools and kindergartens established by the new law.
Article 98. Schools under the former laws (the Elementary School Ordinance being excepted) which exist at the time of the enforcement of this law may continue their existence as schools under the former laws.
Schools under the foregoing paragraph may, according to the provisions laid down by the Minister of Education, become schools of other types under the former laws.
Necessary matters regarding the schools under the foregoing two paragraphs shall be decided by the Minister of Education.
Article 99. As to matters regarding the validity, granting, etc. of teachers certificates for the schools under the foregoing Article, former laws shall be followed, despite the provision of Article 94, except for those matters to which the provisions laid down by the Minister of Education shall apply.
Article 100. Necessary matters regarding the students of the schools under the former laws when they have become the schools under Article 1 shall be in accordance with the provisions laid down by the Minister of Education.
Article 101. Necessary matters regarding the qualifications of graduates of schools under the former laws shall be in accordance with the provisions laid down by the Minister of Education.
Article 102. "Incorporations provided for in a separate law" shall mean for the time being agricultural associations and other public bodies similar to them, or foundational juridical persons according to the Civil Law. But, the establishers of schools for the blind, schools for the deaf, schools for the handicapped or kindergartens or of schools under the former laws existing at the time of the enforcement of this law, which are not foundational juridical persons according to the Civil Law, or whose establishers who are not foundational juridical persons according to the Civil Law, shall be for the time being not required to be foundational juridical persons according to the Civil Law.
Article 103. Primary schools and secondary schools may for the time being not have teacher-nurses, despite the provision of Article 28 (including cases to which this shall apply in Article 40.)
Article 104. Cities, towns, villages may, despite the provision of Article 31 (including cases to which this shall apply in Article 40) for the time being entrust the educational affairs of the whole or part of school age children and pupils to the State, Prefectures or incorporations or private persons running private schools.
Private Schools cannot take tuition fees for the compulsory education entrusted to them according to the provision of the foregoing paragraph.
Article 105. The secondary school may for the time being give education by correspondence to the children who have finished the lower course of the former elementary school.
Necessary matters regarding the education under the foregoing paragraph shall be in accordance with the provisions laid down by the Minister of Education.
Article 106. The competent authorities under the following Articles and paragraphs shall for the time being be the Minister of Education: Article 3;paragraph 2 of Article 6;Article 8;Article 11;paragraph 2 of Article 12, Article 20;paragraph 1 of Article 21, paragraph 2 of Article 22;Article 38;Article 43;paragraph 2 of Article 45, Article 47;paragraph 2 of Article 48, Article 49;Article 73;Article 79;paragraph 4 of Article 83, and Article 88;and the competent authorities with power to stipulate under Articles 4 and 23 shall also be the Minister of Education.But the Minister of Education may entrust the above powers to the competent authorities.
Article 107. In this law, the managing agency of the city, town or village primary school shall for the time being be the Mayor, the headman of town or village;the prefectural competent authorities shall for the time being be the prefectural governor.
Article 108. The degrees under the former Degree Ordinance may, despite the provision of Article 94, be given according to provisions of the former ordinance by the universities under Article 98, except for those cases to which the provisions laid down by the Minister of Education shall apply.